Achievement standards

The student:

• analyses how processes of change have spatial consequences in places and environments at a range of scales, and explains the role of context
• analyses interconnections between people, places and environments, and their geographical significance and consequences
• analyses spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts, and predicts plausible future changes
• analyses alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge and explains how decision-making is informed by interacting environmental, economic and social factors

The student:

• explains how processes of change have consequences in places and environments at a range of scales and in different contexts
• explains interconnections between people, places and environments, and their geographical significance and consequences
• explains spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts
• explains alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge and how decision-making is informed by environmental, economic and social factors

The student:

• explains how processes of change affect places and environments at different scales
• describes interconnections between people, places and environments, and their geographical significance and consequences
• describes spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales
• describes alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge and how decision-making is informed by environmental, economic and social factors

The student:

• describes how change affects places and environments with limited reference to scale
• identifies interconnections between people, places and environments and outlines their geographical significance and consequences
• describes spatial distributions, patterns and associations
• describes alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge

The student:

• identifies changes in places and environments
• identifies some interconnections between people, places and environments
• identifies spatial distributions and patterns
• identifies alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge

The student:

• plans and undertakes independent geographical inquiries to collect and analyse relevant data and information based on a critical evaluation of reliable and useful sources
• selects, constructs and uses appropriate representations to explain relationships, spatial patterns and trends
• analyses information and multivariable data to draw evidence-based conclusions that identify limitations
• communicates complex ideas and coherent and sustained explanations, selecting appropriate language and forms for audience and purpose
• uses reasoned criteria to propose and justify action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge and analyses possible outcomes of the action

The student:

• plans and undertakes independent geographical inquiries to collect and analyse relevant data and information based on an assessment of reliable and useful sources
• selects, constructs and uses appropriate representations to describe relationships, spatial patterns and trends
• interprets information and multivariable data to draw evidence-based conclusions
• communicates ideas and coherent explanations, selecting appropriate language and forms for audience and purpose
• uses appropriate criteria to propose and justify action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge, and describes a range of possible outcomes of the action

The student:

• undertakes guided geographical inquiries to collect and analyse data and information based on a range of appropriate sources
• selects, constructs and uses appropriate representations to describe relationships, simple spatial patterns and trends
• interprets information and multivariable data to draw conclusions
• communicates ideas and explanations in written, oral and graphic forms using appropriate language
• uses appropriate criteria to propose action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge, and predicts possible outcomes of the action

The student:

• undertakes guided geographical inquiries using limited sources
• constructs and uses representations to describe relationships and identify simple spatial patterns and trends
• interprets information and data to draw simple conclusions
• communicates ideas and information in written, oral and graphic forms
• proposes action in response to a contemporary issue, and identifies some of the possible outcomes

The student:

• undertakes simple research on a topic
• constructs and uses simple representations to describe phenomena
• describes information and data
• communicates information in a range of forms
• proposes action in response to a contemporary issue